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Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
The Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church is an Oriental Orthodox church with its headquarters in Asmara, Eritrea. Its autocephaly was recognised by Pope Shenouda III after Eritrea gained its independence in 1993.
==Origins==
''Tewahdo'' (Te-wa-hido) (Ge'ez ተዋሕዶ ''tawāhidō'') is a Ge'ez word meaning "being made one". According to the Catholic Encyclopedia (1917 edition) article on the Henoticon:〔(Henoticon )〕 around 500 bishops within the Patriarchates of Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem refused to accept the "two natures" doctrine decreed by the Council of Chalcedon in 451, thus separating themselves from the future Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. This separate Christian communion came to be known as Oriental Orthodoxy. Oriental Orthodox Churches, which today include the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church of India, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, are referred to as "Non-Chalcedonian", and, sometimes by outsiders as "monophysite" (meaning "One Nature", in reference to Christ; a rough translation of the name ''Tewahido''). However, these Churches themselves describe their Christology as miaphysite.
Tewahdo (Te-wa-hido) is a major ethnoreligious group in Eritrea and the largest Christian group there. Christianity has been the majority religion since the 4th centuries AD and remains still the largest population. Historically, they spoke the Ge'ez language, which belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. However, the language is now almost extinct, and has been mostly limited to liturgical use since the 10th century. Tewahedo now speak Tigrinya. Most also adhere to the Tewahdo Orthodox Church. Tewahdo is an identity and a religion as well for the adherent of Eritrean Tewahdos.
The Eritrean Orthodox Church claims its origins from Philip the Evangelist (Acts of the Apostles, Chapter 8). It became the established church of the Axumite Kingdom under king Ezana in the 4th century through the efforts of a Syrian Greek named Frumentius, known in the church as ''Abba Selama, Kesaté Birhan'' ("Father of Peace, Revealer of Light"). As a boy, Frumentius had been shipwrecked with his brother Aedesius on the Eritrean coast. The brothers managed to be brought to the royal court, where they rose to positions of influence and converted Emperor Ezana to Christianity, causing him to be baptised. Ezana sent Frumentius to Alexandria to ask the Patriarch, St. Athanasius, to appoint a bishop for Axum. Athanasius appointed Frumentius himself, who returned to Axum as Bishop with the name of ''Abune Selama''. For fifteen centuries afterward, the Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria always named a Copt (''an Egyptian'') to be ''Abuna'' or Metropolitan Archbishop of the Ethiopian Church.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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